What
is Pre-Civil Rights?
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The time period between
the end of the civil war and civil rights movement (1865-1960)
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America was a dangerous
place for African American’s as they were seeking their rights
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African Americans were
held as virtual slaves by white landowners through sharecropping
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The KKK was a group
intent on scaring enfranchised African Americans
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The African Americans
were inhibited from voting in Southern States by the use of poll taxes and literacy
tests
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The court case of Plessy vs. Ferguson established the
“separate but equal” doctrine. African Americans received separate facilities
of equal quality with the whites
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However, this is proven
false, because African Americans that boarded a train were required to sit
close to the engine, where there would be a lot of smoke
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African Americans faced
grave discrimination during both World War I and World War II
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The civil rights
movement was launched by the arrest of Rosa Parks during the year of 1955
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African Americans have
a separate school when compared to that of the white Americans
NAACP’s
Anti Lynching Campaign (1930’s)
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A widespread public
event that enforced the banning of lynching’s set by the KKK group
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This campaign
successfully stopped John J. Parker from being a Supreme Court Nominee, who had
white supremacist views
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This campaign involved
the successful lobbying of the anti-lynching law
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This caused for the
NAACP to be a prominent governmental influence until the 1950’s
Desegregated Education:
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Charles Hamilton
Houston was a black attorney, who became famous for concentrating on the
segregated education system in the United States
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He wished to
revolutionize American Society in this aspect in order to bring a better integrated
society
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However, Houston was
worried that his ideas of integrated education would be favoring some sort of
political party such as that of Henry Wallace (a third party candidate)
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The idea of integrating
education wished to overturn the Plessy vs. Ferguson verdict
SNCC (Student Non-Violent
Coordinating Committee):
-
This group was focused
on breaking the idea of “white only” and “black only” signs, this was mainly
executed through sit-ins
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Ella Baker was one of
the first advisors for this committee
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This committee was also
focused on getting African Americans good economic standing
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These actions soon
transcended to the March of Washington in 1963
The Great Migration:
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Between the times of
World War I to World War II, millions of blacks migrated from the south to the
north in search of economic stability
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This act gave to the
rise of the Harlem Renaissance in black society, therefore changing Harlem, New
York as the main capital for African Americans
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This community housed
more than 200,000 African Americans
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More African Americans
began taking pride within their culture, therefore initiating what is the
Harlem Renaissance
World War I:
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African Americans
believed that war effort will be a way for them to show patriotism, therefore
resulting in more civil rights legislation
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However, to the
contrary, white workers killed African American workers in East St. Louis that
killed 125 African Americans
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In Houston, African
American soldiers, unable to handle racial discrimination, killed sixteen white
civilians, giving more leverage to politicians of the south
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The American Army was
divided into the two combat divisions based on color
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For African Americans,
World War I served to be a disillusionment era as civil rights were not touched
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However, they vowed to
save Democracy in the United States
World War II:
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During the time of
World War II, many African Americans took part of the allied troops
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A. Phillip Randolph
threatened to lead a protest in order to make a pathway for civil rights
legislation
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Scared that this
protest will disrupt war effort, Roosevelt passed the Executive Act of 8802 to
integrate war factories
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He also created the Fair
Employment Practices Committee
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This legislation made
way for many African Americans to find jobs related to the defense industry
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After the war, President Harry S. Truman
desegregated the armed forces through the Executive Order 9981and created the President
Committee on Civil Rights
Famous Leaders:
Marcus Garvey-
a Jamaican National who persuaded African Americans to resettle back in Africa
from the United States
Thurgood Marshall – Argued
for the Brown vs. Board of Education, and served as the chief of counsel for
the NAACP
W.E.B. Dubois- Founder
of the NAACP
A. Phillip Randolph-
He is the president of national Negro congress
Works Cited
Editors, S. (2005). The Civil
Rights Era (1865-1970). Retrieved from Sparknotes .
Gaines, E. J. (n.d.). A Lesson Before
Dying . Retrieved from Cliffnotes .
Janken, K. R. (2001). The Civil Rights
Movement: 1900-1960. Retrieved from TeacherServe.
West, J. (2011, October 23). Life in
the South different before civil rights movement. Retrieved from Albany
Herald .
Williams, C. (n.d.). African Americans
and World War I. Retrieved from Africana Age .
